Caffeine, trigonelline, chlorogenic acids, melanoidins, and diterpenes contents of Coffea canephora coffees produced in the Amazon

Abstract

This study characterizes the composition profile of Coffea canephora coffees of good beverage quality produced in the Brazilian Western Amazon. Samples corresponded to 57 Robusta clones and 10 intervarietal hybrids of Conilon and Robusta (BRS 1216, BRS 2299, BRS 2314, BRS 2336, BRS 2357, BRS 3137, BRS 3193, BRS 3210, BRS 3213, BRS 3220). Roasted coffees were evaluated regarding the contents of caffeine, trigonelline, chlorogenic acids (CGA), melanoidins, and diterpenes (kahweol, cafestol, 16-O-methylcafestol). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Scott-Knott test (p ≤ 0.05), and Principal Component Analysis. In general, coffees showed high contents of caffeine (1.63–3.57 g 100 g−1), trigonelline (0.60–1.15 g 100 g−1), CGA (3.93–6.37 g 100 g−1), and 16-O-methylcafestol (0.082–0.372 g 100 g−1). Results showed contents between 10 and 17.9 g 100 g−1 for melanoidins, 0.068 and 0.427 g 100 g−1 for cafestol, 0.218 and 0.707 g 100 g−1 for total diterpenes, and the presence of kahweol in 20% of the samples. The caffeine/ total diterpenes ratio supported identifying C. canephora species. Robusta coffees were characterized by the highest content of trigonelline, melanoidins, and 16-O-methylcafestol. Hybrid were characterized by the highest content of caffeine, CGA, cafestol, and total diterpenes.