Abstract
BackgroundNutritional ergogenic aids are foods or nutrients that can improve physical performance. Among these foods with ergogenic properties, caffeine has shown that it can increase the fat catabolism, strength, and improve the cognition and time reaction of an athlete, therefore, it is hoped that it can improve the performance of judokas. This study through a double-blind crossover (supplement X placebo) protocol, investigated the effects caffeine supplementation (single capsule containing 5 mg/kg body mass intake 60 min before the session) on biochemical, anthropometrical, physical, subjective and hemodynamic variables measured before, during and after two typical judo trainingcxs sessions (120-min: 40-min of gymnastics; 40-min of specific technics and; 40-min of judo combat).Methods8 high-level athletes (21.4 ± 2.0 years; 83.6 ± 15.2 kg; 1.8 ± 0.1 m; 17.9 ± 7.0 Fat%) were evaluated before and after each training for body mass, hydration, upper and lower limb power, performance in the special judo fitness test (SJFT), free fatty acids (FFA) in plasma, uric acid, glucose, lactate, heart rate, and pain. In addition, heart rate, FFA in plasma, uric acid, glucose, lactate, rating of perceived exertion and pain were assessed during the training.ResultsAt 120 min, supplementation resulted in a higher concentration of plasma FFA (1.5 ± 0.5 vs. 1.0 ± 0.3 mmol/L; p = 0.047) and lactate (4.9 ± 1.8 vs. 3.0 ± 1.2 mmol/L; p = 0.047), and a lower concentration of uric acid (5.4 ± 0.9 vs. 7.0 ± 1.5 mg/dL; p = 0.04). Supplementation also resulted in performance maintenance (fatigue index) in the SJFT (Δ0.3 ± 2.0 vs Δ1.7 ± 2.5, for caffeine and placebo respectively, p = 0.046). No adverse effects were observed. ConclusionBased on the applied dose, intake time, and sample of this study, we can conclude that caffeine produces an ergogenic biochemical effect, and improves performance in judo athletes.
Highlights
Nutritional ergogenic aids are foods or nutrients that can improve physical performance or accelerate recovery [1]
There was a significant interaction between caffeine and moment with a large effect size (F3,42 = 4.356; p = 0.038; η2 = 0.46), where the T120min assessment demonstrated higher free fatty acids (FFA) values than the T 0 moment
There was an isolated effect of the measurement moment with a large effect size for the heart rate before (F3,30 = 93.286; p ≤ 0.001; η2 = 0.3) and after training (F3,30 = 220.5; p = 0.03; η2 = 0.24), where the Recovery heart rate (RHR) presented a lower mean in comparison to the Final heart rate (FHR), regardless of the condition (difference = − 29.1 ± 10.8; p = 0.044; 95% CI − 20.3, − 54.8.; d = 0.2, Table 2 Results for the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) before and after-training for the Caffeine and Placebo conditions
Summary
Nutritional ergogenic aids are foods or nutrients that can improve physical performance or accelerate recovery [1]. Investigations agree about the fact that during short and high-intensity efforts, the energy from metabolism comes from creatine phosphate resynthesis and anaerobic glycolysis [9], as a high muscle ATP degradation from glycolysis increases lactate production, affecting anaerobic performance [10]. In this sense, ergogenic aids to preserve body carbohydrate reserves may be a strategy that will improve performance in this modality, since judo requires a high demand for carbohydrates for high performance [2]. This study through a double-blind crossover (supplement X placebo) protocol, investigated the effects caffeine supple‐ mentation (single capsule containing 5 mg/kg body mass intake 60 min before the session) on biochemical, anthro‐ pometrical, physical, subjective and hemodynamic variables measured before, during and after two typical judo trainingcxs sessions (120-min: 40-min of gymnastics; 40-min of specific technics and; 40-min of judo combat)
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