Abstract

The behavioral effects of caffeine are well documented, and research suggests that caffeine may help to prevent and manage cognitive changes as a person gets older. The present article describes a secondary analysis of epidemiological data from a sample of 3659 volunteers (average age: 70 years; range 61-98 years). Information about regular caffeine consumption was collected. Demographic variables were used as covariates in the analyses. The outcomes were ratings of general health, anxiety and depression scores (from the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and the frequency of cognitive failures. The results showed that higher caffeine consumption was associated with better reported health, lower anxiety and depression scores, and fewer cognitive failures. Caffeine from coffee was responsible for these associations. These findings confirm that caffeine may help prevent cognitive deficits and manage the health and cognition of the elderly. Longitudinal studies, preferably with interventions, are needed to provide evidence of causal mechanisms.

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