Caffeic Acid, Chlorogenic Acid, Garlic Acid, and Protocatechuic Acid as Hypolipidemic Agents

Abstract

As the pathophysiology of dyslipidemias is clarified, one system is likely to emerge in which the underlying mechanism explains the phenotypic pattern observed on lipoprotein analysis. Every day, millions of vials of blood are drawn to assess patients’ risk for the disease. These tests measure three biomarkers, or factors in the blood known to be associated with CAD: low-density lipoproteins (LDL cholesterol), high-density lipoproteins (HDL cholesterol), and triglycerides. All three biomarkers are lipids – water-insoluble molecules that are among the structural and functional building blocks of living cells. Highly altered Body Mass Index (BMI) and hypertension are independent and reversible determinants for coronary artery disease. Hypolipidemia can prevent hyperlipidemic patients to be victim of coronary artery disease. This study was conducted to compare hypolipidemic effects of Niacin and Jujube fruit in primary as well as secondary hyperlipidemic patients. Study was conducted in 2023 at Jinnah Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Sixty participants were enrolled of both gender male and female hyperlipidemic patients age range from 20 to 70 years. Written and explained consent was taken from all patients. They were divided in two groups. Group-I was advised to take two grams Niacin in divided doses for the period of two months. Group-II was advised to take 500 grams of fruit Jujube daily for the period of two months. Their baseline LDL and HDL cholesterol was determined by conventional method of measuring Lipid Profile. After two months therapy, their post treatment lipid profile was measured and mean values with ± SEM were analyzed biostatistically. Group-I which was on Niacin their LDL cholesterol decreased significantly and HDL cholesterol was increased significantly. In group-II patients LDL cholesterol was decreased significantly but HDL increase was not significant with p-value of >0.05. It was concluded from the research work that Niacin is potent in lowering LDL and increasing HDL cholesterol, while Jujube has significant effect as LDL cholesterol lowering agent, but it does not increase HDL cholesterol significantly.