Abstract
The 13 ancestral Caddo sites and collections discussed in this article were recorded by G. E. Arnold of The University of Texas at Austin between January and April 1940 as part of a WPA-funded archaeological survey of East Texas. The sites are located along the lower reaches of Patroon, Palo Gaucho, and Housen bayous in Sabine County, Texas. These bayous are eastward-flowing tributaries to the Sabine River in the Toledo Bend Reservoir area, but only 41SB30 is located below the current Toledo Bend Reservoir flood pool. This is an area where the temporal, spatial, and social character of the Caddo archaeological record is not well known, despite the archaeological investigations of Caddo sites at Toledo Bend Reservoir in the 1960s-early 1970s, and in more recent years.
Highlights
The 13 ancestral Caddo sites and collections discussed in this article were recorded by G
The oldest Caddo sites in the Patroon Bayou, Palo Gaucho Bayou, and Housen Bayou areas are 41SB28 and 41SB38 in the Palo Gaucho and Housen bayous, respectively. These are grog-tempered assemblages with very few Àne ware sherds, and the decorated sherds are from utility ware vessels dominated by incised, incised-punctated, and punctated decorative elements
There is no currently deÀned cultural taxon in the East Texas archaeological literature that these sites can be assigned to, the Angelina focus/phase had been proposed by Jelks (1965)
Summary
The 13 ancestral Caddo sites and collections discussed in this article were recorded by G. Five of the six sherds (83 percent) are from grog-tempered vessels, including three plain body sherds, a parallel brushed body sherd with overlying parallel incised lines, and a sherd with opposed brushing marks that are divided by a vertical row of tool punctations (Figure 2a). Among the grog-tempered sherds are four plain body sherds, a rim with vertical brushing marks, and a body sherd with parallel rows of incised lines adjacent to a row of tool punctations. Ten of the grog-tempered sherds from 41SB12 have decorative elements This includes four body sherds with parallel incised lines, another with curvilinear incised lines, and a rim from a Dunkin Incised vessel with a horizontal incised line under the lip and diagonal incised lines on the rim itself (see Figure 2c). Two other body sherds have rows of Àngernail punctations, a rim sherd has rows of tool punctations below a single horizontal incised line, and a body sherd has vertical engraved panels that are either plain or have diagonal lines
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