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Abstract
ObjectivesThis study evaluated the biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and surface roughness of CAD-CAM milled and rapidly-prototyped/3D-printed resins used for manufacturing complete dentures. MethodsSix groups of resin specimens were prepared, milled-base (MB), milled-tooth shade (MT), printed-tooth shade (PT), printed-base with manufacturer-recommended 3D-printer (PB1), printed-base with third-party 3D-printer (PB2), printed-base in a vertical orientation (PB2V). Human epithelial (A-431) and gingival (HGF-1) cells were cultured and tested for biocompatibility using Resazurin assays. Three-point bending and nanoindentation tests measured the mechanical properties of the resin groups. Surface roughness was evaluated using a high-resolution laser profilometer. ANOVA and post-hoc tests were used for statistical analyses (α = 0.05). Results: There were no significant differences in biocompatibility between any of the investigated groups. MB revealed a higher ultimate strength (p = 0.008), elastic modulus (p = 0.002), and toughness (p = 0.014) than PB1. MT had significantly higher elastic modulus than PT (p < 0.001). Rapidly-prototyped resin samples with a manufacturer-recommended 3D-printer (PB1) demonstrated higher ultimate strength (p = 0.008), elastic modulus (p < 0.001), hardness (p < 0.001) and a reduced surface roughness (p < 0.05) when compared with rapidly-prototyped groups using a third-party 3D-printer (PB2). Rapidly-prototyped samples manufactured with a vertical printing orientation (PB2V) revealed a significantly lower elastic modulus than samples groups manufactured using horizontal printing orientation (PB2) (p = 0.011). Conclusions: Within the limits of this present study, CAD-CAM milled and rapidly-prototyped complete denture resins performed similarly in terms of biocompatibility and surface roughness. However, the milled denture resins were superior to the rapidly-prototyped denture resins with regard to their mechanical properties. Printing orientation and type of 3D-printer can affect the resin strength and surface roughness.
Highlights
For over half a century, the conventional flask-pack-press or compression molding method has been used to fabricate removable complete dentures (CDs)
This study evaluated the biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and surface roughness of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) milled and rapidly-prototyped/3D-printed resins used for manufacturing complete dentures
Results: : There were no significant differences in biocompatibility between any of the investigated groups
Summary
For over half a century, the conventional flask-pack-press or compression molding method has been used to fabricate removable complete dentures (CDs). CDs have been processed using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) resin with heat polymerization [1]. PMMA resin is shaped into the desired mold under pressure and polymerized. This protocol has undergone a remarkable transformation in the recent years following the introduction of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) procedures for CDs
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