Abstract
Abstract The red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) is closely associated with mature- to old-growth forest conditions of large coniferous trees, dense canopy closure, and a structure of all-aged trees. In Arizona, mixed-conifer forests with these stand conditions provide red squirrels with suitable opportunities for food gathering, sites for food caching, and trees for nesting. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), white fir (Abies con-color), and blue spruce (Picea pungens) are the most important species in red squirrel habitat. Red squirrels contribute to the functioning of the forest ecosystem by spreading the spores of mycorrhizal underground fungi, which may be necessary for the survival of coniferous trees. West. J. Appl. For. 1:48-51, April 1986
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