Cache agent based location aided routing using distance and direction for performance enhancement in VANET

Abstract

Vehicular ad hoc networks are a vibrant technology for future intelligent transport system. Vehicular ad hoc networks are a sub-level of wireless sensor network which establishes vehicle connectivity through wireless medium. Once the vehicles communicated with each other, vehicle mobility with a dynamic network environment faces new challenges. The intelligent transport system continues to evolve high packet delivery rate which is required to enhance the security application thus reduces the packet latency. This paper proposes a hybrid routing protocol called cache agent based location aided routing using distance and direction (CALAR-DD). The proposed protocol is a fusion of geocasting and position-based routing with distance and direction. The CALAR-DD operates in two steps. First, it chooses the next hop vehicle to forward the packet until it reaches the expected region. The expected zone becomes geocast region at the second step. Within this region, cache agent-based geocasting is used to find and forward the packets to the destination. The simulated outcome explores the improved performance of the proposed protocol over ID-LAR, M-GEDIR and FL-DGR in terms of packet delivery ratio, average delay, hop count and retransmission ratio.