Cabbage in Polish folk and veterinary medicine

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological knowledgeCabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) is not only a widely known vegetable but also a valuable medicinal plant. Cabbage's pharmacological properties were described already in antiquity. Numerous reports, published in recent years, confirm cabbage's healing properties, leading to a deeper analysis of its applications in the traditional healing practices of Polish rural communities. Aim of the studyThe study aimed to analyze the exploiting of cabbage in Polish folk medicine from 16th to 20th century. The elaboration bases mainly on Polish-language bibliography, from which a little number of papers was published online, so the presented review has the particular value to make available this unique knowledge to an international readership. In addition, the analysis created a basis for the future research of pharmacological application of cabbage and its processed products, especially lacto-fermented, commonly used to preserve this vegetable for winter months in the Polish climatic zone. Materials and methodsThe analysis of the therapeutic use of cabbage in Polish folk medicine was carried out on the basis of Polish-language historical sources dating to the period from the first written evidence till the end of the 20th century, covering the areas inhabited by Polish population. With the perspective of a comprehensive analysis of the medicinal use of cabbage, the information is presented against the background of its benefits in the folk medicine of other ethnic communities. ResultsPolish folk communities diffusely exploit all parts of cabbage plants, and its preparations, including leaves, stems, seeds, sauerkraut, and the sauerkraut's juice as a natural medicine. The mentioned raw materials were applied in the treatment of numerous ailments, especially of the digestive tract, skin, burns, frostbites, to relieve pain, fight parasites, and of gynecological disorders related to childbirth and children feeding. Cabbage pharmacological applications covered the therapy of tuberculosis, measles, and jaundice. Cabbage and its by-products were used in the cure of farm animals, especially in the perinatal period, parasite and microbial infections, or to improve the resistance against diseases and the overall fitness. ConclusionsThe healing properties of raw materials and products of lactic acid fermentation of white cabbage are confirmed by historical documents. Ethnographic sources indicate their wide application in Polish folk medicine and show the perception and classification of disease entities by Polish rural communities in the analyzed period. The collected data constitute background for further research on the phytochemical use of this plant in modern medicine.