Abstract

The caatinga is considered South America’s largest seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) and one of the most vulnerable endemic biomes in relation to climate change. The surface albedo in caatinga is relevant to understanding the role of this biome in the climate of the Northeast region of Brazil. Thus, a comparative analysis was conducted between the albedos of preserved and anthropized caatinga (pasture). Data were collected using CNR4-type net radiometers during the dry and rainy seasons. The mean albedo values were higher in the Pasture both in the dry and rainy season, with values of 0.181 and 0.177, respectively. In the caatinga, the mean albedo values were 0.137 in the dry season and 0.146 in the rainy season. The hourly average values for albedo, taken between 6:30 a.m. and 4 p.m., with intervals of 30 min, were also higher in the pasture. For convenience, this study uses local standard time (LST), which is 3 h behind from coordinated universal time (UTC). The greatest dispersions in the frequencies of the mean hourly albedo values occurred in the early morning and late afternoon. Some of the consequences of this study is the confirmation that there is an increase in albedo in caatinga replaced by pasture and this causes a reduction in the net radiation and also the finding that a region where there is adequate pasture management also enables albedo management and from solar radiation. And that further studies can indicate the impacts on temperature and precipitation, especially in warmer periods during the dry season.

Highlights

  • Reports by the Brazilian Panel on Climate Change (BPCC) project progressive rainfall reduction for the caatinga of 10% to 20% by the year 2040, reaching 40% by the end of the 21st century

  • The difference in the average of 1.42◦ between the two seasons in the Caatinga was statistically significant within the 95% confidence interval, indicating that there was an influence of solar elevation angles contributing to the increased mean albedo values in the rainy season

  • The analysis of the time series confirmed the expectation that the Pasture has higher average albedo values throughout the period, as well as in the dry and rainy seasons, when compared to the Caatinga

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Summary

Introduction

Reports by the Brazilian Panel on Climate Change (BPCC) project progressive rainfall reduction for the caatinga of 10% to 20% by the year 2040, reaching 40% by the end of the 21st century. The reduction of greenhouse gas-induced warming would be possible with the increase of reflected solar radiation, which is a consequence of the increase of the mean surface albedo [11] This strategy focuses on the adoption of agricultural practices, such as no-tillage, so that the increase in the albedo of agricultural areas during the summer results in a cooling in relation to native vegetation areas, attenuating the maximum temperature reached during very hot periods [9,10,27,28]. Some studies [41,42] point to the possibility that the albedo indicates pastures in degraded soil, as they reduce the net radiation and reduce the energy available for processes of evapotranspiration. The studTyhweasstucadryriewdaosuctawrriitehddoautat cwoiltlehctdeadtainctowlloecetxepdeirnimtwenotaelxcpaemripmaeignntaslactatwmopaigns at differenttswitoesdinifftehreensttasteiteosf RiniothGerasntadtee doof RNioorGter,aBnrdazeild. oThNeofrirtset, sBertaozfild. aTtahewfiasrsotbsteatinoefddata was in a presoerbvtaeidnecdaaitninagapraerseearvaetdthceaaSteirnigdaóaErceoaloagt itchael SSetaritdioónE(cEoSlEoCgi-cSaelrSidtaót)iobnet(wEeSeEnCt-hSeeridó) bem37u°1n5ic′0ip5′′at6wlW◦it3ei,4ee2sn40o25t”fhmeSSeam,rb3ruoa7nv◦Ne1ic5emipg0era5aal”intdiWesoes,Nao2lof0er5Svteeemrl(r.haTaehNbreoeeavcgfeartaeamtridnecoaaglnaNlesosduerbatCetaly(eaphvteeienrlieg.naaTEf)t,hSelEreoCcccaa-alStaleeetdridnidagCtóaa6ias°st3uia4nb′cgt4ay2alp′′)l,eeSdlo,incaEteSdECatCrystallinSeerCidaóatiisngaac, aalnleddthCeryvsetgaeltlaintieonCaisaatinsegaas,oannadllythderyvetrgoeptaictaiolnfoirsesat s(SeaDsToFn)a[l4ly5,d46ry]. tropical It is compfoorseesdt o(SfDwToFo)d[y45p,4la6n].tsI,tbisasciocmallpyossmedalol fdwecoidoduyoupslaanntds/,obrasseicmail-ldyescmidaulloduesc, ihdiguholuys and/or branchedsetmreei-sdaenciddushoruusb, sh,imghalnyyborafnwchheicdhtarereesthaonrdnsyh. rTuhbes,hmerabnsyaoref wmhaiinchlyatrheetrhooprhnyyt.eTshe herbs [aAtc1h3as2g,el84slr0e6Jeaud–mTrhn5ihPaie1d-encaa]i1AaSotct.sasrhaaS2retfBeiígueredl8crc7Aaleriir0eomJ0dsaesdeugdne0T,nróh)rarndi,dhcwyPmieaiidicenescnnaodauiismlttsacnsynaalhtStohíetht.rudctutcafAaeehahirorsreshtenegeameanh,n)orrltc,KdewcoaitutSwcieevpön(FdncuisBretpahheialihtrscostzdpyohtuahieaftceoepeagr)edsotrnlnaaeesmh[al(lla5tlclEei[aeasSu2t3lwUAvcyalFc]n,stt4,sehaieenJeiots6wr)csodmduifi,a–ivofecpiadMg5iiotelorc-tah1eerana(alacl]slErlita.aeoocittiiAUtnhacydloBofyttíenJrianeb4oad)tdds,d,cui0vafrevitaoay.ednMhdoemmtTraeRenaracaohts,pnoigceocntieowdulothasefiyttírsmeG5iaho4hbdtd°on0ctohareai5afaaonn.tt3KmlmnetaaTu(′RhaB5nötdhia,perei7npseloeeswuo”hSparEd5strG)paSieoiS◦too[iognehrta5n5EfaafciNn32fcnCtilnatah]aldah5oana,-dllelSl7errsiw3ezeteo”soEe5Seeaiirdrfx°AfitSpidi2h(pod7ogceUJa20fAeaóicaNni′n0Frt5tisncidiaihaR9osommaalael”rin3Ndpczvteme5EWh,epeee)nx◦tAma,dr.rh(t2proakU(aJ2eiaeAhgxlnciFcrec5eiscoaiUtmRlr9maeiwarae”mnNrdeanpaeinaiteWznpfa)tnetm,eturaoeiltedknyoas(arfihxnclilneioraUmrawrEenieaSannaitfEtfetaaoiCelnlysrflCaatingaCEacaottinongea EAcgorteosntee tAogAretlsatenttioc AFotlraenstti(cMFoorroesett(Mal.o, r2o01e6t )a,lw., h20ic1h6)w, washricehplwacaesdrbepylaced by pasture (pBarsatcuhriaer(iaBrbarcizhaianrtihaab)rfiozranththeag) rfoazritnhge ogfrashzienegp.oTf hshisemepa.nTahgiesdmpaansatugreedips acsotmurpeoissecdomposed of four spoefcfioeus rofsptreocpieicsaol fgrtraosps:icMaal rgarnadssu:,MPiaartãa,nAdruu, aPniaat,ãa,nAdrMuaanssaa, ia[n5d3,5M4]a.sBsaaise[5d3o,5n4t]h. eBased on data avaitlhaebldeabtaetwaveaeinla1b9le88beatnwde2e0n2019o8n8 tahnedw2e0b2s0iteonofththeewAegbrsiictueltoufrtahleRAesgerairccuhltCuroaml -Research pany in RCioomGpraannydeindRoioNGorrtaen(dEeMdPoANRoNrt)eo(bEtMainPeAdRaNt )thoebtPaeinrie-dPearti tshtaetPioenri,-wPehriicshtaistiojuns,twhich is over 1 kmjusftroovmerth1ekmEAfrJ,omthethreegEiAonJ, thhaes raengiaonnnhuaaslarnaiannfanlul aolfra1i1n7f7alml omf .11T7h7emclmim. aTtheeicslimate is charactercihzaedraactseArisz,eadccaosrAdsin, agctcoorthdeinKgötpopthene Kclöaspspifeincactliaosnsi[fi5c2a].tion [52]

Description of Instruments and Periods of the Experiment
Apparent Angle Elevation Information
Albedo Values
Daytime Albedo Cycle
Findings
Conclusions
Full Text
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