Abstract
C4 plants exhibit much higher CO2 assimilation rates than C{}3 plants under certain conditions. The specialized differentiation of mesophyll cell and bundle sheath cell type chloroplasts is unique to C4 plants and improves photosynthetic efficiency. Maize (Zea mays) is an important crop and model with C4 photosynthetic machinery. 2DE and high-throughput quantitative proteomics approaches (e.g., isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation and shotgun proteomics) have been employed to investigate maize chloroplast structure and function. These proteomics studies have provided valuable information on C4 chloroplast protein components, photosynthesis, and other metabolic mechanisms underlying chloroplast biogenesis, stromal, and membrane differentiation, as well as response to salinity, high/low temperature, and light stress. This review presents an overview of proteomics advances in maize chloroplast biology.
Highlights
This review presents an overview of proteomics advances in maize chloroplast biology
We mainly aim to present a brief summary of current quantitative proteomics studies of maize chloroplasts
The differentially accumulated proteins in maize chloroplast membranes of the M and bundle sheath cells (BS) support the following metabolic mechanisms: (1) The preferential M accumulation of ribosomal proteins suggest high translation rates in the M chloroplasts, which can contribute to the high abundance of photosystem II (PSII) subunits and short lifetime of PSII reaction center proteins caused by light-induced damage (Friso et al, 2010; Figure 1C). (2) In terms of protein assembly, the preferential accumulation of low PSII accumulation 1 protein (LPA1) in the M chloroplasts is consistent with its role in D1 protein synthesis (Peng et al, 2006)
Summary
The studies from van Wijk’s lab provided several new insights into NADPH type C4 photosynthesis and the distribution of protein functions across BS and M chloroplasts (Majeran et al, 2005, 2008; Covshoff et al, 2008; Majeran and van Wijk, 2009; Friso et al, 2010). In this mini review, we mainly aim to present a brief summary of current quantitative proteomics studies of maize chloroplasts. The proteomics results yield several new insights into cellular specialization of the C4 photosynthesis
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