Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) transplantation offers an attractive alternative in myocardial infarctive therapy. However, poor cell engraftment and survival limit their restorative capacity. C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3 (CTRP3) inhibits reverse remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) and was found to be secreted by MSCs in our preliminary experiments. We examined whether the overexpression of CTRP3 improved the survival of transplanted MSCs and augmented their efficacy on MI and whether silencing CTRP3 attenuated these effects. For gain-of-function analysis, MSCs overexpressing CTRP3 (LvC3-MSCs), control virus-transfected MSCs (LvNull-MSCs), MSCs alone, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were injected into the peripheral areas of the infarction immediately after coronary artery ligation. For loss-of-function analysis, mice subjected to MI were randomized into groups and administered CTRP3-knockdown MSCs (LvshC3-MSCs), Lvshctrl-MSCs, MSCs, or PBS. Survival rates, cardiac function, and myocardial remodeling in mice were evaluated after 4 weeks. Injection of MSCs or LvNull-MSCs improved the left ventricular ejection fraction, inhibited cardiac fibrosis, and regulated cellular profiles of the infarction border zone 4 weeks after MI compared with those in the PBS group. Furthermore, overexpression of hCTRP3 promoted the efficacy of MSCs in the treatment of MI. However, knocking down CTRP3 impaired that. Coculture experiments confirmed that hCTRP3-enriched conditioned medium (CM) promoted MSCs migration and protected against H2O2-induced cell damage. Conversely, CM from C3−/− MSCs (CTRP3 knock out) significantly reduced the migration and antioxidative effects of MSCs. CTRP3 protein alone promoted MSCs proliferation and migration by upregulating matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and protecting against oxidation by increasing superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and metallothionein 1/2 (MT1/2) expression; and these effects were blocked by pretreatment with the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) inhibitor U0126. Overexpression of CTRP3 significantly improved the MSCs-based efficacy on MI by increasing cell survival and retention via a mechanism involving ERK1/2-MMP9 and ERK1/2-SOD2/MT1/2 signaling.
Highlights
Cardiovascular diseases seriously affect health due to high morbidity and mortality rates
Two in vitro stress models, serum deprivation under hypoxia, and serum deprivation combined with H2O2, were established to evaluate C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3 (CTRP3) expression in harsh microenvironment in the ischemic heart. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting results indicated that CTRP3 expression were suppressed in Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) under serum deprivation and hypoxia stimulation (Fig. 1d–f)
MSCs displayed decreased expression of CTRP3 in the setting of serum deprivation combined with H2O2 (Fig. 1g, h)
Summary
Cardiovascular diseases seriously affect health due to high morbidity and mortality rates. Ischemic heart disease remains a leading cause of death worldwide. With the development of drug treatments, interventional therapies, surgery, and other vascular recanalization and cardiac-assist technologies, the mortality rates of patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) have. Official journal of the Cell Death Differentiation Association. Zhang et al Cell Death and Disease (2019)10:530 decreased significantly. Adverse remodeling secondary to MI has poor prognosis, with irreversible evolution toward ultimate heart failure. The number of patients who die of adverse remodeling far exceeds the number of those who die of acute MI1. It is necessary to explore how to prevent adverse remodeling after MI
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