Abstract
During the last decades, the merger of photocatalysis with transition metal chemistry has been surfaced as a sustainable tool in modern molecular syntheses. This Account highlights major advances in synergistic photo-enabled C‒H activations. Inspired by our homogenous ruthenium- and copper-catalyzed C‒H activations in the absence of an exogenous photosensitizer, this Account describes the recent progress on heterogeneous photo-induced C‒H activation enabled by immobilized hybrid catalysts until September 2021, with a topical focus on recyclability as well as robustness of the heterogeneous photocatalyst.
Highlights
The tremendous progress achieved in molecular syntheses during the last decade has resulted in a significant improvement of the organic chemistry
The cyclometalated ruthenium complex 14 which generated from the substrate is excited by visible light irradiation, giving intermediate 15, which is followed by SET to the alkyl halide
The heterogeneity of the covalently bound ruthenium catalyst 23 was verified by hot-filtration, poison, and three-phase tests, while the spectroscopic and microscopic characterization of the catalyst, along with detailed experimental and computational mechanistic studies, provided strong support for high position-selectivity enabled by the reusable hybrid catalyst 23
Summary
The tremendous progress achieved in molecular syntheses during the last decade has resulted in a significant improvement of the organic chemistry. Unlike classical heterogeneous catalysts, immobilized heterogeneous catalysts consist of an inorganic support and a homogeneous catalyst, which is covalently anchored by an organic linker These immobilized catalysts provide an avenue for tailorable and recyclable catalysis. Since the detailed aspects of homogeneous and heterogeneous metal-catalyzed C–H activation have previously been reviewed [4, 5, 22, 27], the scope of this Account includes photo-induced organometallic C–H activation by means of recyclable, covalently bound metal catalysts under exogenous-photocatalyst-free conditions until September 2021, excluding outer-sphere C–H functionalization processes
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