C-Src is involved in regulating signal transmission from PDGFβ receptor–GPCR(s) complexes in mammalian cells

Abstract

We have reported that the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFβ) forms a novel signaling complex with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) (e.g. S1P 1 receptor) that enables more efficient activation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in response to PDGF and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). We now demonstrate that c-Src participates in regulating the endocytosis of PDGFβ receptor–GPCR complexes in response to PDGF. This leads to association of cytoplasmic p42/p44 MAPK with the receptor complex in endocytic vesicles. c-Src is regulated by G protein βγ subunits and can interact with β-arrestin. Indeed, the PDGF-dependent activation of p42/p44 MAPK was reduced by over-expression of the C-terminal domain of GRK2 (sequesters Gβγ subunits), the clathrin-binding domain of β-arrestin and by inhibitors of c-Src and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Moreover, PDGF and S1P induce the recruitment of c-Src to the PDGFβ receptor–S1P 1 receptor complex. This leads to a G protein/c-Src-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of Gab1 and accumulation of dynamin II at the plasma membrane, a step required for endocytosis of the PDGFβ receptor–GPCR complex. These findings provide important information concerning the molecular organisation of novel receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-GPCR signal relays in mammalian cells.