Abstract
The government Decree 16/2018 of 5 June approved the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer (Decision XXVIII/1 of the twenty-eighth Conference of the Parties, adopted on 15 October 2016). The government Decree 19/2018 of 29 June approved the amendment to the text and annexes II to IX to the 1999 Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone (Gothenburg Protocol) and the addition of the new Annexes X and XI. During the past year, Portuguese and Spanish environmental non-governmental organizations repeatedly campaigned against the continued operation of Almaraz nuclear plant, located in Spain, less than one hundred kilometres from the international border. The plant was commissioned in 1973, and its cooling system has raised serious safety concerns. Since the open-circuit cooling system uses water from the Tagus River (an international aquifer), incidents could have transboundary consequences. Almaraz’s private operators are expected to ask the Spanish regulator for a renewal of the operation permit. An extended operation beyond 2020 would multiply revenue and postpone decommissioning costs.
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