鄱阳湖湿地两种优势植物叶片C、N、P动态特征

Abstract

2011年2-6月在鄱阳湖南矶湿地国家级自然保护区逐月测定了灰化苔草(<em>Carex cinerascens</em>)、南荻(<em>Triarrhena lutarioriparia</em>)叶片C、N、P含量及其地上生物量,以阐明鄱阳湖湿地优势植物C、N、P含量及化学计量比动态特征与控制因子,探讨湿地养分利用与限制状况。结果表明:(1)两种优势植物叶有机碳含量变化范围分别为365.3-386.6 mg/g和352.6-393.2 mg/g,平均值(±标准差)分别为(375.5±17.4) mg/g和(371.7±12.5) mg/g;叶N含量分别为6.96-17.59 mg/g和5.50-20.68 mg/g,平均值分别为(11.35±1.40) mg/g和(11.54±0.84) mg/g;叶P含量变化范围为0.65-2.14 mg/g和0.57-2.25 mg/g,平均含量为(1.56±0.69) mg/g和(1.55±0.68) mg/g。两种植物C:N、C:P、N:P平均值分别为44.00、1068.46、21.30和47.90、1059.92、21.19,C、N、P及其化学计量比种间差异不显著(<em>P</em> > 0.05)。(2)气温与地上生物量是N、P及其化学计量比季节变化的主要控制因子,气温和生物量对两种优势植物叶片氮、磷含量的影响要高于对叶有机碳含量的影响。(3)植物C:N、C:P与地上生物量变化趋势基本一致,显示N、P养分利用效率随植物的快速生长而提高;根据两种优势植物及土壤N、P含量与化学计量比来判断,研究区植物更多地受氮限制。;Carbon(C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) stoichiometry are critical indicators of biogeochemical coupling in terrestrial ecosystems. Stoichiometric homoeostasis plays important role in modulating structure, functioning and stability of ecosystems. However, our current understanding of C:N:P stoichiometry is mainly derived from observations across space, and little is known about its dynamics through the time. Besides, stoichiometric researches have been carried out in various terrestrial ecosystems in China, but few data are available for wetland ecosystem. Wetland plants live in more fluctuant environments than terrestrial plants, and responses of wetland ecosystem to climate change are more sensitive than terrestrial ecosystem. The C:N:P stoichiometry for wetland plants may differ from terrestrial plants. Hence, more researches on dynamics of leaf carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, as well as their stoichiometry for wetland plants are necessary. Poyang Lake is the largest fresh lake in China, with huge areas of wetland occurred in non-flood periods in a year. In this study, a wetland dominated by plant species of<em> Carex cinerascens</em> and <em>Triarrhena lutarioriparia </em>was selected in the national nature reserve, Nanji wetlands of Poyang Lake. Subsequently, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, as well as aboveground plant biomass were measured every month from February to June in 2011. The objectives of this study were as follows:(1) to clarify dynamics and control factors of the dominant plants' carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, as well as their stoichiometric ratios, (2) to discuss the current status of wetland nutrient utilization and nutrient limitation. Results showed that leaf carbon ranged from 365.3 to 386.6 mg/g for <em>Carex cinerascens</em>, and 352.6 to 393.2 mg/g for <em>Triarrhena lutarioriparia</em>, respectively. Leaf nitrogen differed from 6.96 to 17.59 mg/g for <em>Carex cinerascens</em>, and 5.50 to 20.68 mg/g for <em>Triarrhena lutarioriparia</em>, respectively. Besides, the ranges of leaf phosphorus were 0.65 to 2.14 mg/g and 0.57 to 2.25 mg/g for the two species, respectively. The arithmetic means were (375.5±17.4) mg/g and (371.7±12.5) mg/g for carbon, (11.35±1.40) mg/g and (11.54±0.84) mg/g for nitrogen, (1.56±0.69) mg/g and (1.55±0.68) mg/g for phosphorus, respectively. The arithmetic means of C:N, C:P and N:P ratios were 44.00, 1068.46 and 21.30 for <em>Carex cinerascens</em> and 47.90, 1059.92 and 21.19 for <em>Triarrhena lutarioriparia</em>.There was no significant difference of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, as well as stoichiometric ratios between the two species (<em>p</em> > 0.05). Moreover, both leaf nitrogen and phosphorous showed clear dynamic patterns. Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations peaked at the early stage of growth, and then decreased substantially during the fast growth period, but increased a little by the end of the growing season. Temperature and aboveground biomass were the two main factors controlling the dynamic patterns of nitrogen, phosphorus concentrations and their stoichiometric ratios. C:N and C:P ratios were positively correlated with aboveground biomass, which suggested nutrient use efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus were greatly affected by the growth rate. Additionally, according to nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations both in soil and the two dominant plants' leaves, as well as the stoichiometric ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus, the plants in the wetland were more limited by nitrogen, rather than by phosphorous.