Abstract
Remarkable recent progress has been accomplished in direct C-H functionalizations for the formation of C-N and C-O bonds through the use of readily accessible ruthenium catalysts. Particularly, ruthenium(II) complexes allowed for challenging direct C(sp(2))-H hydroxylation of arenes. These catalysts set the stage for step-economical C-H functionalization with electron-rich as well as electron-deficient (hetero)arenes and, therefore, provided versatile access to diversely decorated phenols. While a number of synthetically useful protocols for ruthenium-catalyzed C(sp(3))-H bond nitrogenation have been elaborated, the analogous transformations of more stable C(sp(2))-H bonds were very recently achieved.
Highlights
Oxygenated and nitrogenated aromatic molecules are key intermediates in organic synthesis and constitute important structural motifs of useful pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, polymers, and biologically active compounds (Scheme 1).[1]
The direct C–H amination represents an appealing alternative to the useful palladium- or copper-catalyzed amination of organic electrophiles[5] or to other indirect methods.[6]
During the past few years, several ruthenium-catalyzed hydroxylations of C–H bonds were reported by inter alia Rao, Du Bois and our research group
Summary
Oxygenated and nitrogenated aromatic molecules are key intermediates in organic synthesis and constitute important structural motifs of useful pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, polymers, and biologically active compounds (Scheme 1).[1] The practical importance of substituted anilines and phenols in these This approach compares favorably to classical protocols with respect to the overall minimization of by-product formation (atom-economy), and the optimization of the required reaction steps (step-economy).[4] For instance, the direct C–H amination represents an appealing alternative to the useful palladium- or copper-catalyzed amination of organic electrophiles[5] or to other indirect methods.[6]. Thirunavukkarasu was born in 1983 in Tamil Nadu, India He studied chemistry at Presidency College in Chennai, India, where he obtained his master’s degree at the University of Madras, India. Dr Lutz Ackermann (Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, Germany) as an Alexander von Humboldt Research Fellow. 1991, he joined the research group of Professor A. de Meijere (Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, Germany) as an Alexander von Humboldt Research Fellow.
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