C₁₈-bound porous silica monolith particles as a low-cost high-performance liquid chromatography stationary phase with an excellent chromatographic performance.

Abstract

Ground porous silica monolith particles with an average particle size of 2.34 μm and large pores (363 Å) exhibiting excellent chromatographic performance have been synthesized on a relatively large scale by a sophisticated sol-gel procedure. The particle size distribution was rather broad, and the d(0.1)/d(0.9) ratio was 0.14. The resultant silica monolith particles were chemically modified with chlorodimethyloctadecylsilane and end-capped with a mixture of hexamethyldisilazane and chlorotrimethylsilane. Very good separation efficiency (185,000/m) and chromatographic resolution were achieved when the C18 -bound phase was evaluated for a test mixture of five benzene derivatives after packing in a stainless-steel column (1.0 mm × 150 mm). The optimized elution conditions were found to be 70:30 v/v acetonitrile/water with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid at a flow rate of 25 μL/min. The column was also evaluated for fast analysis at a flow rate of 100 μL/min, and all the five analytes were eluted within 3.5 min with reasonable efficiency (ca. 60,000/m) and resolution. The strategy of using particles with reduced particle size and large pores (363 Å) combined with C18 modification in addition to partial-monolithic architecture has resulted in a useful stationary phase (C18 -bound silica monolith particles) of low production cost showing excellent chromatographic performance.