Cпецифіка використання афоризмів у романі "Портрет Доріана Грея" Оскара Вайлда

Abstract

The article deals with the study of the concept of «aphorism», the identification of essential features of the concept of aphorism and the definition of the specifics of the use of aphorisms in the novel «The Portrait of Dorian Gray» by Oscar Wilde. An analysis of the studies of leading national and foreign linguists who studied the specifics of aphorisms showed that the essential features of aphorism: briefness, depth of thought, informative brevity, a high degree of generalization (general significance), completeness of thought, truthfulness (truthfulness), imagery (expressiveness, expressiveness) originality, didacticity, authorship, accuracy, sharpness of form, paradox, wit, novelty, communicative clarity. It has been proven that the English-language aphorism is characterized by a wide range of pragmatic attitudes: statement, summarizing, pairing, reasoning, reservations or threat, exposure or reproach, complaints, self-justification, self-deprecation, justification, reassurance, motivation, advice, cognition ect. Pragmatic attitudes in English-language aphorisms are realized with the help of a wide range of linguo-stylistic means. Based on our research, we have determined the specifics of the use of aphorisms in the novel «The Portrait of Dorian Gray» by Oscar Wilde. We found that English-language aphorisms contain a pragmatic attitude of humiliation and self-deprecation, which are used very limitedly in the novel «The Picture of Dorian Gray» by Oscar Wilde. Aphorisms with a pragmatic attitude of justification and self-justification are used much more widely. According to our research, we have proved that the most common are aphorisms containing a pragmatic attitude of criticism.