Abstract
China is often viewed as an emerging experimental base for transit-oriented development (TOD) practices because of its rapid urban growth and development of mass transit networks. The implementation of TOD can be heavily influenced by institutional barriers to urban growth. However, some newly emerging types of TOD practice allow planners and decision-makers to bypass some of the institutional barriers and achieve a certain degree of integrated development. Current academic literature, however, has little to say on how these informal institutional solutions go around these barriers. This article aims to fill this gap by examining three different types of TOD practice as applied in Guangzhou and Shenzhen. We analysed and compared the origins and effects of abovementioned informal institutional arrangements under entrepreneurial governance. We found that land value capturing can replace the existing governance mode in which local government heavily relies on revenue from land-leasing and realise better integration of transit and land development. We conclude with several suggestions for institutional reform based on these new types of TOD experiments.
Highlights
The concept transit-oriented development (TOD) is a commonly used planning tool that focuses on forming effective integration of land use and transit systems (Banister, 2008; Suzuki, Cervero, & Iuchi, 2013)
We have examined three types of TOD practice occurring in different institutional settings and studied how these practices deal with the existing institutional mechanisms that prioritise urban growth
The existing literature on TOD practices in China has shown that the existing urban growth mechanism and the current planning and land use systems have become institutional barriers to a genuine application of TOD practices
Summary
The concept transit-oriented development (TOD) is a commonly used planning tool that focuses on forming effective integration of land use and transit systems (Banister, 2008; Suzuki, Cervero, & Iuchi, 2013). In its birthplace the United States, TOD is focused on dealing with the crisis of suburban sprawl by re-centring development around transit stations (Cervero, 1998, 2004). In Europe, the focus seems to shift more to the redevelopment of station areas (Bertolini & Spit, 1998). Contextbased TOD studies help policymakers, urban and transport planners to better understand the relationships between TOD and their local urban problems between station types, morphological and functional charac teristics, and to develop more targeted strategies (Lyu, Bertolini, & Pfeffer, 2016)
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