By-products of fish-oil refinery as potential substrates for biogas production in Norway: A preliminary study

Shiplu Sarker

doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2020.100137

Abstract

Norway is one of the biggest fish exporters in the world, and the fish industry is the second biggest economy of the country after oil and natural gas. As fish industries expand rapidly, the resulting fish-oil refining by-products are also receiving an upsurge interest, giving an enormous window of opportunity in generating bioenergy through this route. A number of fish-oil refinery by-products such as soapstock, glycerol, ethyl monoesters (light and dark) were utilized in the present study where the anaerobic digestion feasibility of these by-products as co-substrates with fish ensilage (acidified fish waste) was investigated. The method utilized was biomethane potential experiment by employing a series of 0.5 L batch bottles as anaerobic digesters operated at total feeding of about 7.0 g with co-substrates feeding ranging between 0.6 and 2.0 g per bottle. The digestion environment was set at extreme mesophilic having temperature of 39 ± 1 °C. During the ~65 days of experiment, it was found that accumulated volumetric biogas yield (in mL) from co-digestion of monoesters and fish ensilage was much higher than that of the mono digester operated with fish ensilage alone. The accumulated yield from light and dark monoesters co-digesters amounted to ~2100 mL and ~1950 mL respectively. In terms of specific biogas yield, highest yield was obtained from the soapstock co-digesters with an average peaking to 775 mL/gTS. The average methane content in biogas for all the digesters over the course of the experiment was found as ca 61%. The study concludes that fish-oil refinery by-products as co-substrates with fish ensilage upon utilization to anaerobic digestion plants can potentially offer Norwegian fish refineries an excellent opportunity to contribute heavily in local bioeconomy.

Highlights

Fish is a vital source of animal protein for human consumption
According to food and agriculture organization of United States (FAO), worldwide total fish harvest resulting in from capture and aquaculture reached to 171 million tonnes in 2016, out of which 88% was used as human consumption and the remaining 12% as non-food purposes [1]
More accumulated biogas can be obtained from the co-digesters compared to the FE digesters alone

Summary

Introduction

Fish is a vital source of animal protein for human consumption. Globally, per capita food fish consumption has grown from 9.0 kg in 1961 to 20.2 kg in 2015, at an average rate of about 1.5% per year [1]. In order to enable human consumption, raw fish in a typical production application is processed by using various techniques resulting in considerable edible and non-edible fraction of wastes ( called as rest raw materials) such as heads, viscera, bones, eggs, blood and scales [2]. These wastes account approximately 27% of the total fish landed from harvest [1]. Considerable part of these waste streams, having high nutritive value for human consumption, are still under-utilized or disposed of either for landfills or incineration causing environmental problems including ground water pollution and toxic gas emissions

Methods

Results

Conclusion