Bvp4c approach and duality of hybrid nanofluid over extending and contracting sheet with chemical reaction and cross-diffusion effects

Abstract

Heat transfer has a major effect on material selection and mechanical efficiency. The importance of peristaltic fluid motion in transmitting heat is obvious in the domains of biomedical research through the processes of metabolic heat generation, blood transportation, capillary dehydration, thermal control, and bio-heat exchange pathways. The present work aims to explore the computational and theoretical evaluation of hybrid nanofluid (HNF)-suspended Cu and Al2O3 nanoparticles in water in the presence of chemical reaction, Lorentz force and ross-diffusion. The fundamental flow system based on Navier-Stokes in terms of partial differential equations is converted to dimensionless nonlinear ordinary differential equations via similarity transformations. The transformed ODEs are computationally solved by bvp4c approach. Dual solutions have been observed for emerging factors, so stability examinations are implemented to find the stable solution. Based on eigenvalues, it is witnessed that smallest positive eigenvalues indicates the stable while negative depicts the unstable solutions. The influences of involved factors on the flow characteristics are depicted through graphs and tables. The confirmation of the present analysis is done with the published study. Decreasing behavior is investigated for both branches of velocity as the M is improved while f′(η) is an increasing function of K. From this analysis it is reported that θ(η) is directly proportional to R, Q and Q1. Increasing phenomena is reported for θη and ϕη profiles as the quantities of Ec are augmented from 0.1 to 1. The conclusions of this theoretical analysis have impending applications in numerous fields such as technological devices, solar cooling and heating systems for cars, surfactants, lubricating qualities, hybrid generators, metallic welding process, and the production of medical equipment.