Abstract
Natural biological systems are constantly developing efficient mechanisms to counter adverse effects of increasing human population and depleting energy resources. Their intelligent mechanisms are characterized by the ability to detect changes in the environment, store and evaluate information, and respond to external stimuli. Bio-inspired replication into man-made functional materials guarantees enhancement of characteristics and performance. Specifically, butterfly architectures have inspired the fabrication of sensor and energy materials by replicating their unique micro/nanostructures, light-trapping mechanisms and selective responses to external stimuli. These bio-inspired sensor and energy materials have shown improved performance in harnessing renewable energy, environmental remediation and health monitoring. Therefore, this review highlights recent progress reported on the classification of butterfly wing scale architectures and explores several bio-inspired sensor and energy applications.
Highlights
Worldwide population increase is causing environmental degradation, health deterioration and depleting existent energy resources [1]
This review highlights recent progress reported on the classification of butterfly wing scale architectures and explores several bio-inspired sensor and energy applications
Butterfly wings exhibit architypes of unique micro/nanostructures, vivid wing coloration, light-trapping mechanisms and responses to various stimuli [8]. These naturally intricate features have been replicated into man-made functional materials for applications in sensors [9], photovoltaics [10], photocatalysis [11], biomedicine [12] and robotics [13]
Summary
Worldwide population increase is causing environmental degradation, health deterioration and depleting existent energy resources [1]. This review systematically explores the structural appearance of butterfly wing scale architectures and distinguishes different architectures based on variations in their specialized regions These wing architectures influence the properties and characteristics of the whole wing including the porous structure, large surface area, stimuli responsiveness and light manipulation. Lepidopteran research focuses on wing scales and the appearance of their vivid colors [31] Their architectures interact with light by wavelength selective reflection or coherent scattering to produce structural coloration [32]. Research on the transparent butterfly wing of Greta oto (glasswing) revealed numerous randomly sized, high aspect ratio nanopillar (nipple array) structures, exhibiting omnidirectional anti-reflection characteristics [51].
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