Butterfly Diversity of Pune City along the Human Impact Gradient

Abstract

The study conducted by Kunte in Pune, India, reveals the diversity and distribution of butterfly species in the region. There are a total of 104 recorded species, with around 170 species estimated to be present in the Pune district. The study explores six sites with different vegetation and disturbance levels. Forests have the highest uniqueness but lower diversity, while scrub habitats are the most species-rich. Butterflies in Pune exhibit distinct flight periods, with most species flying during late monsoon and winter. Grazing and fire impact the butterfly fauna, with different species found in fire-free and fire-afflicted areas. Control of annual fires is crucial for butterfly conservation. The study also highlights population changes, with some species increasing due to home gardens hosting larval host plants. Human activities, like habitat destruction and pesticide use, pose threats to butterfly species, especially those dependent on wilderness areas. Promoting native food plants and controlling fires are essential steps for butterfly conservation.