Butler’s neuromobilizations combined with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation are effective in reducing of upper limb sensory in late-stage stroke subjects: a three-group randomized trial

Abstract

Question: Are Butler’s neuromobilizations combined with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and traditional post-stroke therapy more effective in reducing affected upper extremity sensory deficits in late-stage stroke subjects than proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation combined with traditional therapy or traditional therapy alone? Design: Pretest—posttest three-group randomized clinical experimental design. Participants: A total of 96 late-stage stroke subjects were randomly assigned to three groups. Intervention: The therapeutic programme in the control group was based on traditional post-stroke methods. The second group (experimental 1) received in addition individual therapy based on the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation method. The third group (experimental 2) received a combination: traditional therapeutic programme plus individual proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercises plus neuromobilization of the affected upper extremity. All groups received 18 training sessions lasting about 45 minutes each. Outcome measures: Assessment of the two-point discriminatory sense (distance between the tips of the compass when the subject indicated two-point sensation), stereognosia (identification up to 10 objects by touch) and thermaesthesia (using hot and cold cylinders on dermatomes C6—C8) were performed. Results: Analysis of change scores showed that two-point discriminatory sense for experimental group 2 was significantly better than that in the two other groups (P<0.001). Similar results were registered for thermaesthesia (experimental 2 versus experimental 1 P<0.01; experimental 2 versus control P<0.001). For stereognosia the only significant difference was found between experimental group 2 and the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: In our subjects, application of Butler’s neuromobilizations combined with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation showed greater effectiveness in reducing sensory deficits than proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation or traditional therapy alone.