Abstract
The design of a 4 x 4 Butler Matrix for use in a multi-beam antenna array operating over wide frequency band is presented. In order to achieve wideband characteristics, the matrix uses microstrip-slot technology that employs two microstrip dielectric layers with a common ground plane and a coupling slot. The designed Butler matrix is compact in size and does not use crossovers. Its prototype is manufactured. The performance of the designed device is assessed via full-wave electromagnetic simulations and measurements.
Highlights
The presence of multiple users and multi-path signal propagation contributes to co-channel interference and fading which degrade the quality of wireless communications
N orthogonal beams pointed at different angles can be generated in switched beam antenna system by connecting N x N Butler Matrix to N-element array antenna
As there is an increased demand on wireless communications to provide high data throughput [3], it is essential that Butler Matrix has to be operate over an increased frequency band when used for angle diversity
Summary
The presence of multiple users and multi-path signal propagation contributes to co-channel interference and fading which degrade the quality of wireless communications. In order to reduce adverse effects of multi-user interference and multi-path, angle diversity is postulated as one of effective remedies [1, 2] This technique requires the use of array antennas at one or two sides of communication link. By employing array antennas on two sides of the communication link it is possible to tap to multiple virtual channels in rich scattering environments The use of such multiple channels can improve diversity of the system or increase its capacity depending on the signal transmission strategy. Butler Matrix is one of the widely-known beam forming networks for use in switchedbeam antenna systems It operates over a narrow frequency band to maintain the specified beams directions. A wideband Butler Matrix can be used in these systems to achieve transmit or receive diversity
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