Abstract
Millimeter-wave (mmWave) networks with the frequency spectrum ranging from 30 GHz (with wavelength 10 mm) to 300 GHz (with wavelength 1 mm), can support massive wireless data in fifth-generation (5G) systems. Importantly, large colocated antenna elements can be exploited at the base station (BS) to facilitate beam-steering synthesis along the users’ directions. This paper proposes the Butler matrix (BM) frequency diverse retrodirective array (BM-FDRA) beamforming network at the BS for multiuser communications in mmWave networks. We utilize the orthogonal feature of the M×M BM with M elements of the FDRA to create directional beams for concurrent transmission towards different users in range-angle locations. The proposed scheme has the following merits: (a) there is beam-steering orthogonality without beam interferences and (b) there is automatic tracking functionality, i.e., the prior knowledge on the user location is not required by the proposed BM-FDRA at the BS. The proposed method can serve multiple users concurrently using the beam-steering orthogonality property. Furthermore, performance metrics such as the multiaccess secrecy sum rate (SSR) model, bit error rate (BER), system capacity, and energy efficiency are examined. The proposed BM-FDRA scheme achievements are highlighted via simulation results.
Highlights
Shaddrack Yaw Nusenu and Emmanuel AsareReceived 20 November 2019; Revised 14 January 2020; Accepted 24 January 2020; Published 22 February 2020
Erefore, motivated by the BM beam orthogonality feature, Frequency Diverse Array (FDA) angular-range-dependent focusing transmit beamforming, and RDA self-steering arrays, we propose an energy-efficient orthogonal beamforming network for concurrent transmissions towards different users using the Butler matrix (BM) frequency diverse retrodirective array (BM-FDRA) at the base station (BS) for mmWave communications
We present several simulations to highlight the potentials of the proposed BM-FDRA scheme in mmWave communication networks
Summary
Received 20 November 2019; Revised 14 January 2020; Accepted 24 January 2020; Published 22 February 2020. E BM has been widely applied in communication applications [26, 27] Another new beam array, namely, FDA proposed in [28], has a small frequency increment across each element to provide angular-range-time-dependent focusing [29]. Erefore, motivated by the BM beam orthogonality feature, FDA angular-range-dependent focusing transmit beamforming, and RDA self-steering arrays (i.e., the prior knowledge on the user locations is not required for the BS), we propose an energy-efficient orthogonal beamforming network for concurrent transmissions towards different users using the Butler matrix (BM) frequency diverse retrodirective array (BM-FDRA) at the BS for mmWave communications. (1) We propose an energy-efficient directional orthogonal two-dimensional (2D) (i.e., angular-range dimension) beamforming network based on the Butler matrix (BM) frequency diverse retrodirective array (BM-FDRA) in mmWave communications.
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