Busting Breast Cancer Myths: A Deep Dive into Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Effective Management

Abstract

Breast cancer is marked by uncontrolled cell growth leading to invasive tumors in the breast ducts and lobules. Risk factors include modifiable elements like lifestyle choices and nonmodifiable factors such as age and genetic mutations. Global epidemiology sheds light on prevalence and contributing factors, crucial for prevention and management. Classification involves histopathological and molecular criteria, encompassing various subtypes. Diagnosis relies on imaging techniques like mammography and biopsies, with minimal radiation exposure. Treatment includes hormone treatment, targeted therapy, radiation, chemotherapy, surgery, and immunotherapy, with immune checkpoint inhibitors such as PD-1 and PDL-1 being used in particular. The intricate tumor microenvironment involves diverse cell types and factors like hypoxia and exosomes, presenting challenges and opportunities for therapeutic advancements in the breast cancer management.