Abstract
Declining prices on frequency containment reserve (FCR) markets endanger the profitability of battery energy storage systems (BESS). BESS combined with power-to-heat units could improve the economics both by supplying higher power rates on FCR markets and by converting excessive power into heat. Two cases were investigated with a techno-economic model using primary operation and market data of 2018/2019. The system amortises after 12 years with a net present value of two million € operating on the FCR market. No improvement was realized by additional arbitrage trading. Taxes, levies and charges frameworks are crucial for the economic success of hybrid systems.
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