Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) and Urban Freight—Competition for Space in Densely Populated Cities

Paola Andrea Cruz-Daraviña,Iván Sánchez-Díaz,Juan Pablo Bocarejo Suescún

doi:10.3390/su13126611

Paola Andrea Cruz-Daraviña, Iván Sánchez-Díaz + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126611

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Abstract

This paper assesses the effects on urban freight transportation of implementing Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems. BRT systems have been widely implemented in Latin American cities in recent decades, with positive results driven by their high capacity and relatively low cost. Implementing BRT strategic corridors has led to changes in land use, and has required some restrictions on other urban traffic, particularly freight. These restrictions have significantly affected the supply of goods to establishments along those corridors, restricting freight operations and urban freight traffic in general. This paper studies the overall effects of BRT system implementation on urban freight using Cali (Colombia) as a representative case study to understand the origin and size of these impacts. Six key criteria were analyzed to assess the impacts of implementing a BRT system: 1. Mobility patterns; 2. environmental impacts; 3. infrastructure; 4. land-use; 5. legislation; and 6. geographic distribution. Observations and semi-structured interviews were used to complement hard data. The results from Cali show that the areas surrounding BRT corridors generate more than 62% of urban freight traffic. This concentration of freight activity has exacerbated the negative effects of restrictions that have accompanied BRT implementation and altered freight mobility and land-use patterns, not only locally but within the city centre, as well as suburban areas. In summary, the results show that post implementation, a significant share of freight-related externalities were amplified and transferred from BRT corridors to other parts of the city and to inter-regional corridors as well.

Highlights

Urbanization creates opportunities for economic development, better quality of life, and reductions in poverty, but urban environments present numerous challenges such as crime, congestion, and pollution [1,2]
One of the main measures adopted to combat congestion in these Latin American cities since the end of the 1990s has been the construction of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems [4]
The main objective of this paper is to propose a methodology, using six criteria, to evaluate the impacts on urban freight operations caused by the implementation of BRT systems, and to identify other relevant spill-over effects

Summary

Introduction

Urbanization creates opportunities for economic development, better quality of life, and reductions in poverty, but urban environments present numerous challenges such as crime, congestion, and pollution [1,2]. One of the main measures adopted to combat congestion in these Latin American cities since the end of the 1990s has been the construction of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems [4]. One of the biggest changes has been the construction of BRT systems that have become the axis of mobility in 56 Latin American cities (31.81% of the cities that have BRT around the world), with 20,909,541 passengers per day mobilized (61.49% of global passengers) and 1863 km constructed (35.09% of of global kilometers) [10]. BRTs were implemented in various cities both in emerging and developed countries: five cities in Africa (2.84%), 45 in Asia (25.56%), 44 in Europe (25%), 21 (11.93%) in Northern America, five in Oceania (2.84%), and 56 in Latin America (31.81% as shown) [10]

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