Abstract
Today, power systems are being operated under greatly stressed conditions due to rapidly growing demand for electrical energy, penetration of renewable energy sources, large seasonal load variations, and operation in competitive energy market conditions. The main part of this work involves achieving complete system observability and improving voltage stability level simultaneously by placing a minimal number of PMUs. Initially, weak buses (very sensitive to smaller reactive power variations) are identified by using Fast Voltage Stability Index (FVSI) calculation. In this work, the reliability of observing the weak buses is purposely maximized. Suppose any sudden voltage instability problem occurs on the weak bus. In that case,PMUs can immediately communicate to the operator and prevent the outage of the weak bus, even if one of the PMUs fails. PMUs can maintain the FVSI value of the critical lines, not exceeding their maximum limit, by initiating the remedial actions scheme, such as smart islanding, controlling the transformer tap settings, coordinating between automatic corrective devices, etc. In this system, the positioning of PMUs on poor buses should be favoured over other buses. Improved voltage reliability can be accomplished by effective and accurate control of critical lines and vulnerable buses. This is done by a small rise in the amount of PMUs relative to previous results.
Highlights
Based on the previous experience of the major blackouts that happened around the world and especially on 14 August 2003 in the United States of America (USA) and on 30 and 31 July 2012 in India, it is clear that most of the blackouts occur due to lack of situational awareness among the operators
When voltages are defined as independent variables, the corresponding currents are dependent, and the voltage-to-current matrix is in the input form, as shown in figure 1
The controllers' performances are compared with other designs; the proportional-integrals powers systems stabilizers (PI-PSS) using CS-GWO methods gives better results
Summary
Based on the previous experience of the major blackouts that happened around the world and especially on 14 August 2003 in the United States of America (USA) and on 30 and 31 July 2012 in India, it is clear that most of the blackouts occur due to lack of situational awareness among the operators. Maximizing the redundancy calculation of buses has the benefit that a greater portion of the power grid remains measurable if one of the PMUs fails [2]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
