Abstract
Background: Drawing on the impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic and its sanitary measures on coping strategies for preserving health, it is also necessary to add exposure to certain work stressors, such as burnout. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the confinement situation caused by COVID-19 on the levels of self-perceived health and psychological capital in a sample of workers, as well as to analyze whether exposure to burnout before social isolation would help to explain the levels of health and psychological capital. Methods: Data were collected in a longitudinal design. Time 1 surveys (December 2019) were sent to a sample of 354 Spanish workers while in Time 2 (April 2020) the employees completed 235 questionnaires. Results: Our findings indicate a significant worsening of employees’ health perception (t = −4.13; p < 0.01) and psychological capital (4.10, p < 0.01) levels during mandatory confinement in Spain. Our results also revealed that emotional exhaustion is the only burnout dimension capable of explaining the variance of health while self-efficacy does regarding psychological capital. Conclusion: We conclude a significant reduction in self-perceived health and psychological capital during COVID-19 mandatory confinement, and that burnout acts as a predictor variable in both health and psychological capital variance.
Highlights
The 12 December 2019 marked, in the Chinese city of Wuhan, the appearance of a new human coronavirus with acute respiratory syndrome
We tested the existence of significant differences between self-perceived health and psychological capital in Time 1 and Time 2
The present study examined the influence of the confinement situation caused by COVID-19 on the levels of self-perceived health and psychological capital in a sample of workers, as well as to analyze whether exposure to burnout before social isolation would help to explain the levels of health and psychological capital behind it
Summary
The 12 December 2019 marked, in the Chinese city of Wuhan, the appearance of a new human coronavirus with acute respiratory syndrome. Called 2019nCoV or SARS-Cov, it is the origin of a global pandemic, declared by the World Health. According to the latest data from the WHO [1], the case fatality rate (CFR; the ratio between confirmed deaths and confirmed cases) varies widely between countries. The case fatality rate has reached 4.9% in China, whereas in European countries differs from 0.5% in Iceland to 3.5% in Italy. In Spain, the case fatality rate had increased up to 12.2% in the worst moment of the pandemic. After the discovery of the vaccine against the virus, distribution to all countries has recently begun. The vaccination process in the general population has already started
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