Abstract
ABSTRACTOBJECTIVETo estimate the prevalence of Burnout in a medium or long-stay hospital, to monitor its evolution and to highlight the importance of cut-off points used to avoid distortions in the interpretation of the results.METHODSTwo cross-sectional studies (2013–2016) were carried out, applying the Spanish version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory to the staff of a chronic care hospital (n = 323). Result variables were: Burnout prevalence and a high degree of affectation of the subscales and predictor variables: sociodemographic characteristics and factors that trigger and modulate the syndrome. The association between variables was quantified using odds ratio.RESULTSThe participation rate went from 31.5% to 39.3%. The professionals presented a mean level of Burnout in both moments, observing a lower degree of affectation of the depersonalization subscales and personal accomplishment in the 2016 cut-off. The average score of the subscales in 2016 was 21.5 for emotional fatigue, 4.7 for depersonalization and 41.7 for personal fulfillment, compared to the values of emotional fatigue = 21.6, depersonalization = 6.9 and personal fulfillment = 36.3 obtained in 2013. The emotional fatigue score was slightly higher than the mean value of the national studies (19.9), while the rest of the values were similar to the mean values of the studies considered. The prevalence of Burnout and the interpretation of the results varied significantly according to the cut-off points considered. In both studies, sociodemographic variables showed little significance, while social support and interpersonal relationships were associated with the degree of burnout among professionals.CONCLUSIONSOur prevalence of Burnout was similar to that of other studies consulted, although the emotional component is more marked in our environment. The interpretation of the results varied significantly according to the cut-off points applied, due to the cross-cultural differences.
Highlights
Burnout or Occupational Burnout appears due to an inadequate response to chronic work stressors of an interpersonal nature, with negative consequences for personal, work and organizational levels[1]
The emotional fatigue score was slightly higher than the mean value of the national studies (19.9), while the rest of the values were similar to the mean values of the studies considered
Sociodemographic variables showed little significance, while social support and interpersonal relationships were associated with the degree of burnout among professionals
Summary
Burnout or Occupational Burnout appears due to an inadequate response to chronic work stressors of an interpersonal nature, with negative consequences for personal, work and organizational levels[1]. It mainly affects professionals who provide their services in direct contact with the recipient of their care, such as health personnel, teachers or police. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)[2] is the most commonly used instrument for its evaluation and contributes to systematizing the research on the construct Their subscales were not identified from a theoretical model supported by clinical observation but were deduced from exploratory studies carried out to confirm the factorial validity of the tool[3,4]. Gil-Monte and Peiró validated the factorial structure of MBI for the Spanish population in 1999 and established cut-off points for this population in 20009
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