Abstract
Burnout, a state of stress-induced emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion, continues to be a topic of interest across a broad array of sciences. It is because burnout not only causes psychosomatic problems, but also has an effect on job performance, which is vital in high-stake professions. Therefore, exploring the level of healthcare professionals’ burnout, and understanding which work-place factors are correlated with it, is of outmost importance. For this purpose, the present correlational study explored this issue in a convenience sample of 209 MDs and nurses from primary healthcare institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina, including, for the first time, a comprehensive number of psychosocial factors at work. Interestingly, the majority of healthcare professionals scored low on burnout measures of MBI. Nevertheless, one fifth of participants had potential early warning signs of burnout. Compared to their colleagues in other European countries, Bosnian-Herzegovinian doctors experience lower yet comparable levels of emotional exhaustion, lower depersonalization, and higher sense of personal achievement. Furthermore, nurses show an even more beneficial trend on all three burnout dimensions. In addition, the study established some significant positive predictors of burnout dimensions pertaining to the work environment. More precisely, quantitative workload and decision-making demands were found to be positive predictors of emotional exhaustion, while the strongest predictors of depersonalization were work-place support (from colleagues and superiors) and self-esteem. Significant predictors of personal accomplishment were perception of mastery and work centrality. This suggests that burnout among healthcare professionals arises both from the immediate workplace factors and individual ones, therefore implicating institutions in its prevention and reduction.
Highlights
Stress, an inevitable phenomenon of everyday life, is especially present in the work environment
Unfavorable result on all three scales, i.e.full pattern of burnout, was barely detected (2.9% of doctors, and 0% of nurses), whereas unfavorable result on any two scales was detected in 14.4% of doctors, and 4.8% of nurses
An unfavorable result on either one dimension of burnout was displayed by 22.9% of doctors and 18.3% of nurses
Summary
An inevitable phenomenon of everyday life, is especially present in the work environment. One wide-ranging study involving 3393 family doctors from twelve European countries showed that 44% had high level of emotional exhaustion, 35% were of high depersonalization, 32% had lack of accomplishment, while 12% showed burnout on all three dimensions (Soler et al, 2008). This was confirmed by a recent study in Croatia which has detected emotional exhaustion in 43.6%, depersonalization in 33.5%, and reduced personal accomplishment in 49.1% of the sample (Obadić and Mlakar, 2019)
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