Abstract
Since rigid polyurethane (PU) foams are one of the most effective thermal insulation materials with widespread application, it is an urgent requirement to improve its fire retardancy and reduce the smoke emission. The current work assessed the fire behavior of PU foam with non-halogen fire retardants system, containing histidine (H) and modified graphene oxide (GOA). For investigated system, three loadings (10, 20, and 30 wt.%) were used. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis, cone calorimetry (CC) and smoke density chamber tests as well as pre- and post-burning morphological evaluation using scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed. Moreover, TGA combined with FT-IR was conducted to determine the substances, which could be evolved during the thermal decomposition of the PU with fire retardant system. The results indicated a reduction in heat release rate (HRR), maximum average rate of heat emission (MAHRE), the total heat release (THR) as well as the total smoke release (TSR), and maximum specific optical density (Dsmax) compared to the polyurethane with commercial fire retardant, namely ammonium polyphosphate (APP). A significantly improvement, especially in smoke suppression, suggested that HGOA system may be a candidate as a fire retardant to reduce the flammability of PU foams.
Highlights
Polymers containing a urethane bond in the structure of macromolecules are called polyurethanes (PU)
The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of a non-halogen fire retardant system, consisting of histidine and graphene oxide (HGOA ), on thermal stability and flammability of rigid polyurethane foams
scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were utilized to characterize the morphology of fire retardant system components
Summary
Polymers containing a urethane bond in the structure of macromolecules are called polyurethanes (PU). They are obtained as a result of the gradual polyaddition reaction of compounds containing two or more isocyanate groups in the molecule with those containing two or more hydroxyl or amino groups [1]. Rigid foams account for 23% of the total production of polyurethane materials [3]. They are mainly used to fill spaces in building structures, in window frames and doors, for the production of structural insulation boards, for insulation of tanks and pipelines, as well as for thermal and acoustic insulation and reinforcement of floor and ceiling structures [4,5,6]
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