Abstract

The force on a plane surface in a rarefied gas caused by a temperature gradient normal to the surface is studied. In the free-molecule regime the force depends on the normal-momentum accommodation coefficient. For the transition regime the second-order Burnett constitutive equations for stress and heat flux provide the necessary coupling between force and temperature gradient. Force versus Knudsen number has a maximum which is related to both normal-momentum and thermal accommodation coefficients. The results compare favorably with the dusty gas model predictions and with experimental data. Relationships to other rarefied gas transport phenomena, e.g., thermal transpiration, are demonstrated.

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