Abstract
Burmannic acid (BURA) is a new apocarotenoid bioactive compound derived from Indonesian cinnamon; however, its anticancer effect has rarely been investigated in oral cancer cells. In this investigation, the consequences of the antiproliferation of oral cancer cells effected by BURA were evaluated. BURA selectively suppressed cell proliferation of oral cancer cells (Ca9-22 and CAL 27) but showed little cytotoxicity to normal oral cells (HGF-1). In terms of mechanism, BURA perturbed cell cycle distribution, upregulated mitochondrial superoxide, induced mitochondrial depolarization, triggered γH2AX and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine DNA damage, and induced apoptosis and caspase 3/8/9 activation in oral cancer cells. Application of N-acetylcysteine confirmed oxidative stress as the critical factor in promoting antiproliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage in oral cancer cells.
Highlights
IntroductionThere were 377,713 new cases and 177,757 deaths worldwide caused by oral cancer in 2020 [1]
Published: 10 October 2021There were 377,713 new cases and 177,757 deaths worldwide caused by oral cancer in 2020 [1]
Using C. burmannii roots, we identified a new apocarotenoid and a novel β-ionone derivative, burmannic acid (BURA) [21], with a carboxylic acid group binding to C-5 of 3-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-β-ionone
Summary
There were 377,713 new cases and 177,757 deaths worldwide caused by oral cancer in 2020 [1]. Males have twice the incidence than females. Oral cancers cause exceptionally high morbidity in South Central Asia and Melanesia, contributing to the habit of betel nut chewing [1]. Oral squamous cell carcinomas comprise the majority of oral cancers (>90%) [2]. Oral cancer may grow on the tongue, cheeks, palate, lips, or gums. Several tumor markers have been reported [3], but they may display differential expression in different oral cancer locations [4]. Including more oral cancer cell types for drug discovery in oral cancer studies may provide wider potential applications to cure oral cancer. Chemo and radiotherapy for oral cancer is frequently accompanied by side effects [5]. It is important to discover more anticancer agents to solve this problem
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