Burial History Reconstruction of the Appalachian Basin in Kentucky, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and New York, Using 1D Petroleum System Models

Abstract

Nine 1D burial history models were built across the Appalachian basin to reconstruct the burial, erosional, and thermal maturation histories of contained petroleum source rocks. Models were calibrated to measured downhole temperatures, and to vitrinite reflectance (% Ro) data for Devonian through Pennsylvanian source rocks. The highest levels of thermal maturity in petroleum source rocks are within and proximal to the Rome trough in the deep basin, which are also within the confluence of increased structural complexity and associated faulting, overpressured Devonian shales, and thick intervals of salt in the underlying Silurian Salina Group. Models incorporate minor erosion from 260 to 140 million years ago (Ma) that allows for extended burial and heating of underlying strata. Two modeled times of increased erosion, from 140 to 90 Ma and 23 to 5.3 Ma, are followed by lesser erosion from 5.3 Ma to Present. Absent strata are mainly Permian shales and sandstone; thickness of these removed layers increased from about 6200 ft (1890 m) west of the Rome trough to as much as 9650 ft (2940 m) within the trough. The onset of oil generation based on 0.6% Ro ranges from 387 to 306 Ma for the Utica Shale, and 359 to 282 Ma for Middle Devonian to basal Mississippian shales. The ~1.2% Ro onset of wet gas generation ranges from 360 to 281 Ma in the Utica Shale, and 298 to 150 Ma for Devonian to lowermost Mississippian shales.