Abstract
As SEVERAL HISTORIANS have observed, U.S. politicians and government officials intensified the anti-communist hysteria of the 1940s and 1950s through political manipulation, myth, and stereotype. Since the 1930s, Republican and Democratic conservatives had attacked the New Deal as the forerunner of an American bolshevism; bi-partisan congressional leaders had investigated un-American activities; and the Federal Bureau of Investigation-under the leadership of J. Edgar Hoover-had conducted studies of left-wing groups and performed illegal searches and seizures. By the mid-1940s, the Truman administration and many liberal Democrats adopted similar, stridently anticommunist and anti-subversive rhetoric to silence critics of the New Deal and internationalism. In 1947 President Truman established a
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