Burden of Herpes Zoster in Individuals With Chronic Conditions in the Republic of Korea: A Nationwide Population-Based Database Study

Abstract

Abstract Background Chronic conditions (CCs) may increase the risk of herpes zoster (HZ) infection, leading to a greater healthcare burden in these individuals compared to those without CCs. It is therefore clinically important to quantify HZ disease burden in individuals with and without CCs, given the rapidly aging population in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Methods This retrospective cohort study examines the trends in incidence rates (IRs) and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) in individuals aged ≥18 years with CCs, using the National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) database from 2010 to 2019. These patients were stratified by age group, sex, HZ complications, and CCs. The annual average number of HZ patients, IRs, and IRRs were calculated for individuals with and without CCs. Results In total, 729 347 patients with HZ were eligible for the study. HZ IRs were highest in patients with diabetes, followed by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, asthma, and chronic liver disease, with HZ IRRs following a similar trend. Overall, HZ IRs generally increased with age, typically peaking at 60–64 or 65–69 years, and were similar for females and males. HZ IRs were highest among patients without complications, followed by HZ with other, cutaneous, ocular, and neurologic complications across all CCs. For each of the CCs, HZ IRs were consistently higher than those of the non-CC population regardless of sex. Conclusions The findings of this study reiterate the importance of HZ prevention for healthy aging, especially for CC populations at increased risk of HZ in the ROK.