Abstract
Background: GB carcinoma is rare cancer worldwide, but is sixth most common cancer among females in Nepal. Burden of GB carcinoma has geographical and ethnic variation. This study mainly focuses on geographical distribution of GB carcinoma, among Nepalese patients visiting BPKMCH.
 Methods and materials: We conducted a retrospective study approved by Department of GI Surgery, BP Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Bharatpur, Nepal. Datas were collected from Jan 1,2107 to 31st Dec 2017 from medical record sections. Analysis was completed using SPSS.
 Results: A total number of 340 patients were recorded, comprising 220 patients with malignancy and 115 patients with benign lesions, and remaining 5 patients files could not be traced. Among malignant patients 158 were female, and 62 were male, with male to female ratio (M: F) of 1:2.5. In malignant group, patients from terai were 70%, hilly and Himalayan region were 30%.
 Conclusion: The data provides clue on burden of GB carcinoma being relatively high in female, and terai region of Nepal.
Highlights
Gall bladder (GB) cancer was first described in 1777(4)
In a multicenter retrospective study by Tamrakar D, et al, out of 150 cases, 72% were female with male: female ratio of 1:2.57; 84% of diagnosed GB carcinoma were from terai region and remaining 16% the hilly regions
Such findings were similar with those of Tamrakar et al multicenter research, and prove female are at higher risk, and in context of Nepal people from terai region are at higher risk of GB carcinoma in compare to hilly and Himalayan regions
Summary
Gall bladder (GB) cancer was first described in 1777(4). GB carcinoma is the fifth most common carcinoma of gastrointestinal tract in United States and most common malignant tumor of biliary tract, representing 46 % of all such malignancies [1]. Multiple data have shown marked geographical and ethnic variation in GB carcinoma incidence, being relatively low in Europe and United States, and high among population in Chile, Peru, Mexico and northern India, up to 7.5 per 100,000 in men and 23 per 100,000 in women [3]. Many studies have hypothesized GB stone disease and chronic inflammation as an important risk factor in pathogenesis of cancer. Burden of GB carcinoma has geographical and ethnic variation. This study mainly focuses on geographical distribution of GB carcinoma, among Nepalese patients visiting BPKMCH. Patients from terai were 70%, hilly and Himalayan region were 30%. Conclusion: The data provides clue on burden of GB carcinoma being relatively high in female, and terai region of Nepal
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