Buoyancy effect on the stagnation point flow of a hybrid nanofluid toward a vertical plate in a saturated porous medium

Abstract

The mixed convection on a stagnation-point flow of a thermo micropolar hybrid nanofluid through a vertical surface in a saturated porous medium having inertial and microstructure characteristics is investigated using Darcy–Brinkman model. The impact of convective inertia along with the porous-Forchheimer inertia is also considered. This study is designed to distinguish the influence of the two distinct nanoparticles such as magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticle and Silver (Ag) nanoparticle along with the regular base fluid (water) to form the MgO–Ag/water hybrid nanofluid. These hybrid nanofluids can be traced back to their unique enhancement in the rate of heat transfer and improvement in thermal performance as applicable in the dynamics of fuel and coolant in the automobile. The leading equations of the present problem are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations by the use of appropriate similarity transformations. We employ a MATLAB solver called the boundary-value problem of fourth-order (bvp4c) to solve the resulting equations. The outcomes are unique for the buoyancy aiding flow (λc>0) while dual or multiple outcomes are marked and existed under buoyancy opposing flow (λc<0).