Abstract
A virus was isolated, using mechanical inoculation, from hill mustard (<i>Bunias orientalis</i> L.) plants exhibiting yellow mottling and blistering on leaves, which were frequently accompanied by asymmetric leaf narrowing. It systemically infected certain plants from the family Brassicaceae (<i>Brassica rapa</i>, <i>Bunias orientalis</i>, <i>Hesperis matronalis</i>, <i>Sinapis alba</i>) as well as <i>Cleome spinosa</i> and <i>Nicotiana clevelandii</i>, and locally <i>Atriplex hortensis</i>, <i>Chenopodium quinoa</i>, <i>Ch. amaranticolor</i>, <i>N. tabacum</i>. In the sap, it maintained infectivity for 3-4 days and lost it after heating for 10 min. at a temperature of 55 - 60<sup>o</sup>C or when diluted with water at 10<sup>-3</sup>. Virus particles were thread- like with a length of 675 - 710 nm. Based on an analysis of biological properties of the pathogen, serological response, particle morphology and data from field observations, it was identified as an isolate of <i>Turnip mosaic virus</i> (TuMV), and hill mustard was recognised as a natural overwintering host for this pathogen.
Highlights
Hill mustard (Bunias orientalis L.) is a herbaceous plant of the cabbage family – Brassicaceae, which grows up to a height of 2 m (Fig. 1)
In order to verify the results of the phase designed to identify the pathogen and to examine the presence of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) in hill mustard plants growing in field conditions, serological investigations were carried out using the DAS – ELISA method
The pathogen was isolated by transferring it without difficulty with the sap of the diseased hill mustard plant to Chenopodium quinoa, Nicotiana tabacum ‘Xanthi’, N. clevelandii, Brassica rapa plants, which was evidenced by the symptoms that appeared on these plants after their inoculation
Summary
Hill mustard (Bunias orientalis L.) is a herbaceous plant of the cabbage family – Brassicaceae (syn. crucifers – Cruciferae), which grows up to a height of 2 m (Fig. 1). It has been recognised to be an invasive alien species due to its strong expansion from south-eastern Europe to the west and north, in particular over the last thirty years (Dietz et al 1999) It is currently found in all countries of central Europe, in a large part of western and northern Europe as well as in North America (Birnbaum , 2006). Kompała - B ą b a et al (2005) presented phytosociological approach of communities with the participation of Bunias orientalis This kenophyte penetrates into semi-natural communities, and even into specially protected areas such as, e.g., national parks (Michalik , 1978; PiękośMirkowa , 2002). Plants of this species have been the objects of research, primarily geobotanical and population studies, and incidentally phytopathological studies. An example of the latter is a paper of Lihnell (1951) from Sweden who found hill mustard exhibiting leaf mosaic as a result of infection with Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)
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