Abstract
The paper presents a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)-based bundled-optode method for detection of the changes of oxy-hemoglobin (HbO) and deoxy-hemoglobin (HbR) concentrations. fNIRS with 32 optodes is utilized to measure five healthy male subjects' brain-hemodynamic responses to arithmetic tasks. Specifically, the coordinates of 256 voxels in the three-dimensional (3D) volume are computed according to the known probe geometry. The mean path length factor in the Beer-Lambert equation is estimated as a function of the emitter-detector distance, which is utilized for computation of the absorption coefficient. The mean values of HbO and HbR obtained from the absorption coefficient are then applied for construction of a 3D fNIRS image. Our results show that the proposed method, as compared with the conventional approach, can detect brain activity with higher spatial resolution. This method can be extended for 3D fNIRS imaging in real-time applications.
Highlights
The paper proposes a method for construction of a three-dimensional (3D) brain image using a bundled-optode arrangement in functional near-infrared spectroscopy
Brain activity can be measured using non-invasive techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography (EEG), and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). fMRI has the advantage of high spatial resolution, but suffers from low temporal resolution, whereas EEG, contrastingly, has high temporal but low spatial resolution
A total of 256 channels/voxels were used for the construction of a 3D fNIRS image
Summary
The paper proposes a method for construction of a three-dimensional (3D) brain image using a bundled-optode arrangement in functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Brain activity can be measured using non-invasive techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and fNIRS. FNIRS with acceptable temporal and spatial resolutions can be used for recording of hemoglobin concentration changes [1]. It is an inexpensive, portable, and noninvasive optical technique [2,3,4]. For detection of brain activity, fNIRS normally utilizes multi-wavelength light within the 700-900 nm range that travels through tissues. Several mathematical models were developed for further improvement of the measured HRs [4,17,18] and the spike-firing rate of neurons [19]
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