Bull-lion Optimization-based Proportional Integrated Derivative controller for regulating frequency in Two-Area Multi-Source power system

Abstract

In the multi-source power system, automatic regulation of load frequency is a demanding mission for power system (PS) engineers. Difficulties involved in these tasks are further exacerbated by increasing power generation and integrating numerous energy sources. The presented paper intends to develop a bull–lion optimization method that depends on the heuristic method for obtaining the purpose of regulating the frequency of the PS. The designed optimization approach utilizes the key structures of three distinct optimization methods: gravitational search algorithm (GSA), Firefly algorithm (FA), and Particle swarm optimization (PSO). In this research, tuning of PID controller metrics by the proposed Bull–Lion optimization algorithm is involved, in order to ensure frequency regulation with multiple sources in a two-area power system (TAPS). In addition, by adjusting the parameters of the controller, the tie-line power is maintained within the prescribed range. The proposed bull–lion optimization-based PID controller attains better performance in regulating the load frequency as well as the tie line power in the suggested PS. Taking into account the settling time, rise time and overshoot of frequency and tie line power response, the performance of the proposed controller is demonstrated.