Abstract
Recent discovery of “unexpected” spin-orbit torques (SOTs) within magnetic single layers has attracted attention. However, it has remained elusive as to how to understand and how to tune the SOTs. In this talk, we will first show a strong bulk dampinglike SOT and its characteristics in composition-uniform ferromagnetic CoPt that is polycrystalline and chemically disordered. We find that the bulk dampinglike SOT arises from the interplay of a strong bulk spin Hall effect of CoPt (an imbalanced internal spin current that is transversely polarized and independent of the magnetization orientation) with a “hidden” inversion symmetry-breaking (not a gradient in composition, magnetism, electron scattering, or grain shapes). In the second part, utilizing the single layers of chemically disordered FexPt1-x, we unveil the mechanism of the bulk SOTs by studying their dependence on the introduction of a controlled vertical composition gradient and on temperature. We find that the associated “hidden” inversion symmetry-breaking that allows for a non-zero net torque is most likely a strain non-uniformity that can arise from a composition gradient and/or the substrate. The findings point to the possibility of developing low-power single-layer SOT devices by strain engineering.
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