Bulk matter evolution and extraction of jet transport parameters in heavy-ion collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)

Abstract

Within the picture of jet quenching induced by multiple parton scattering and gluon bremsstrahlung, medium modification of parton fragmentation functions and therefore the suppression of large transverse-momentum hadron spectra are controlled by both the value and the space-time profile of the jet transport parameter along the jet propagation path. Experimental data on single-hadron suppression in high-energy heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider energy are analyzed within the higher-twist (HT) approach to the medium-modified fragmentation functions and the next-to-leading order perturbative QCD parton model. Assuming that the jet transport parameter $\mathrm{q\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}$ is proportional to the particle number density in both quark gluon plasma (QGP) and hadronic phase, experimental data on jet quenching in deeply inelastic scattering off nuclear targets can provide guidance on ${\mathrm{q\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}}_{h}$ in the hot hadronic matter. One can then study the dependence of the extracted initial value of jet-quenching parameter ${\mathrm{q\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}}_{0}$ at initial time ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{0}$ on the bulk medium evolution. Effects of transverse expansion, radial flow, phase transition, and nonequilibrium evolution are examined. The extracted values are found to vary from ${\mathrm{q\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}}_{0}{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{0}=0.54$ GeV${}^{2}$ in the ($1+3$)d ideal hydrodynamic model to 0.96 GeV${}^{2}$ in a cascade model, with the main differences coming from the initial nonequilibrium evolution and the later hadronic evolution. The overall contribution to jet quenching from the hadronic phase, about $22%--44$$%$, is found to be significant. Therefore, a realistic description of the early nonequilibrium parton evolution and later hadronic interaction will be critical for accurate extraction of the jet transport parameter in the strongly interacting QGP phase in high-energy heavy-ion collisions.