Abstract
Low-frequency longitudinal magnetic modes using Mori's projection formalism are analyzed and the surface and the bulk central modes are discussed. The conditions for the occurence of bulk and surface Curie temperatures are also indicated. “Surface” and “bulk” Van Vleck longitudinal magnetic excitations in the paramagnetic phase are also considered. Our final conclusions indicate an absolute necessity of the Γ 7-Γ 8 exchange parameter for the occurence of the “bulk” and “surface” VV modes, whereas the Γ 7-Γ 7 and Γ 8-Γ 8 parameters seem to be of less importance.
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