Building the evidence for hepatitis B vaccination programs for students and researchers working with biological samples in Indian Institutes of Higher Education

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background Individuals working with biological samples in Indian universities are at risk for occupational exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and may not be vaccinated. Aim We documented the need for HBV vaccination in students and others, developed an institutional HBV vaccination program, delivered HBV vaccines, and then assessed the determinants of vaccine uptake. Methods Over a year, we conducted a prospective cohort study documenting the need for HBV vaccination in people working with biological materials in a major Indian institution, developed a HBV vaccination program, delivered HBV vaccines, and assessed determinants of vaccine uptake. In August 2018, a needs assessment determined exposure to blood, body fluids, and other potentially infectious material in the research setting, followed in September by a cross-sectional survey on HBV vaccination status. Institutional approval for vaccination followed in October, and vaccine clinics began in February 2019. In September, a follow-up survey investigated determinants of vaccine uptake. Results A total of 185 people participated in the baseline HBV vaccination status survey. Only 26% of students, staff, and faculty were fully vaccinated for HBV. Over 70% of the target group came forward for vaccination and >90% completed all doses. Getting vaccinated with peers strongly influenced vaccine uptake, as did availability of free vaccine, onsite clinics, and reminders. Conclusion HBV vaccination programs for individuals at occupational risk are needed in Indian academic institutions beyond medical schools as part of institutional biosafety programs.