Abstract
Power systems are undergoing a profound transformation towards cyber- physical systems. Disruptive changes due to energy system transition and the complexity of the interconnected systems expose the power system to new, unknown, and unpredictable risks. To identify the critical points, a vulnerability assessment was conducted, involving experts from the power as well as the information and communication technologies (ICT) sectors. Weaknesses were identified, e. g., the lack of policy enforcement, which are worsened by the unreadiness of the actors involved. Due to the complex dynamics of ICT, it is infeasible to keep a complete inventory of potential stressors to define appropriate preparation and prevention mechanisms. Therefore, we suggest applying a resilience management approach to increase the resilience of the system. It aims at better riding through failures rather than building higher walls. We conclude that building resilience in cyber-physical power systems is feasible and helps in preparing for the unexpected.
Highlights
Power systems are evolving through an extended convergence with information and communication technologies (ICT), leading to complex cyber-physical power systems (CPPS)
The potential impacts were evaluated based on their effect on the system services, which were defined in this case according to parameters for both the electric and ICT infrastructures
Critical properties, structures and elements contributing to the vulnerability of CPPS were identified
Summary
Power systems are evolving through an extended convergence with information and communication technologies (ICT), leading to complex cyber-physical power systems (CPPS). This has brought opportunities to enhance the systems’ performance and provide solutions to cope with the associated challenges of energy supply based on distributed and fluctuating renewable energies. This article presents the results of an empirical and interdisciplinary base study that involved actors from energy and ICT sectors through interviews and workshops, to get better insights into the vulnerabilities of CPPS. A resilience strategy was developed by using a resilience management approach to identify how CPPS can be better prepared for any stressor
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